Off-Grid Load Calculator (Daily Watt-Hours & Array Size)

Add up every appliance's watts, run-hours, and quantity into a total daily watt-hour load, then get a suggested solar array size to replace it.

Appliance loads
h/day
W
h
×
1,200 Wh
W
h
×
300 Wh
W
h
×
300 Wh
ResultsLIVE
Total daily load
1.8 kWh/day
1,800 Wh · ≈ 0.5 kW of panels
Total daily energy1,800 Wh
Suggested solar array0.5 kW
Formula
total = Σ (watts × hours × qty) = 1,800 Wh/day
array = 1.8 kWh ÷ (4.5 × 0.8) = 0.5 kW

Every off-grid design starts with one honest number: how many watt-hours you burn in a day. This worksheet builds it appliance by appliance. For each item you enter its running watts, how many hours a day it runs, and how many of them you have. Watts times hours times quantity gives that appliance's daily watt-hours, and the tool sums every row into a total. Add or remove rows until the list matches how you actually live.

That daily total drives the rest of the system. Divide by 1,000 and you have your daily kWh, the figure the battery-bank and inverter tools ask for. The worksheet also suggests a solar array size using the standard identity: array kW equals daily kWh divided by your local peak sun-hours times a derate factor. Peak sun-hours run from about 3.5 in cloudy regions to 6 in the desert Southwest, and the 0.8 derate trims roughly 20% for inverter, wiring, and temperature losses.

Be honest and slightly generous. Phantom standby draws, a refrigerator's real duty cycle, and seasonal swings all push the true number up, so it is safer to overestimate a load than to run out of power on the fifth cloudy day.

Worked example
Refrigerator 150 W × 8 h × 1 = 1,200 Wh
LED lights 12 W × 5 h × 5 = 300 Wh
TV 100 W × 3 h × 1 = 300 Wh
total = 1,800 Wh/day (1.8 kWh)
array = 1.8 kWh ÷ (4.5 sun-hours × 0.8) = 0.5 kW

List each appliance, multiply its watts by the hours it runs per day and by how many you have, and add the rows up. A fridge at 150 W for 8 hours is 1,200 Wh; five 12 W lights for 5 hours add 300 Wh. The total watt-hours is your daily load, and dividing by 1,000 gives daily kWh.

SOURCES Array sizing: NREL PVWatts solar-resource data · common off-grid sizing references
Estimates for planning only — get a site assessment before you buy